Learn about
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a chronic viral infection that attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells (T cells), which are crucial for fighting infections. Without treatment, HIV progresses to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a severe condition where the immune system is too weak to defend against life-threatening infections and cancers. While there is no cure for HIV, advances in medicine have made it possible for people with HIV to live long, healthy lives with proper treatment.
HIV Symptoms
HIV symptoms vary by stage:
Acute Stage: Flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, sore throat, and swollen glands occur 2-4 weeks after exposure.
Chronic Stage: This phase may last years with no symptoms, although the virus continues to damage the immune system.
AIDS: Severe symptoms, including rapid weight loss, recurrent infections, and night sweats, may develop without treatment.
HIV Transmission
HIV is transmitted through contact with certain body fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, rectal fluids, and breast milk, from an infected person. The most common modes of transmission include unprotected sex, sharing needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding.
HIV Treatment
HIV is managed with antiretroviral therapy (ART), a combination of medications that suppress the virus to undetectable levels in the blood. When the viral load is undetectable, the risk of transmission is negligible. While ART does not cure HIV, it allows individuals to lead healthy lives.
HIV Health Risks
Untreated HIV severely weakens the immune system, making the body susceptible to opportunistic infections, such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, and certain cancers. Advanced HIV (AIDS) can be fatal if not treated.
HIV Diagnosis
HIV is diagnosed through blood or saliva tests, such as antibody tests, antigen/antibody tests, and nucleic acid tests (NATs). Early detection is critical for starting treatment and preventing complications.
HIV Complications
Advanced HIV can lead to AIDS, characterized by severe immune suppression. Common complications include chronic diarrhea, neurological issues, and opportunistic infections.
HIV Post-Diagnosis Advice
Start ART immediately after diagnosis and adhere to the treatment plan. Regular monitoring of viral load and CD4 counts is crucial. Inform partners and encourage them to get tested.
HIV Myths & Facts
HIV FAQ
Is there a vaccine for HIV?
No, there is currently no vaccine for HIV.
Can HIV-positive people have children safely?
Yes, with proper medical care, the risk of transmitting HIV to the child can be reduced to near zero.
